Convergencia regulatoria en la Alianza del Pacífico

Rodrigo Polanco Lazo

Resumen


Este artículo tiene por objeto describir las principales características del capítulo sobre “mejora regulatoria” recientemente acordado por los países miembros de la Alianza del Pacífico, con el objeto de promover diversos objetivos como el comercio internacional, la inversión extrajera, el crecimiento económico y el pleno empleo. La introducción de este nuevo capítulo en el protocolo adicional de la Alianza del Pacífico, se da en un contexto donde recientes acuerdos preferenciales de comercio han incluido disposiciones similares en secciones especialmente dedicados a esta materia. El presente trabajo plantea que la noción de mejora regulatoria, así como otros conceptos referidos a coherencia, cooperación, coordinación u armonización regulatoria, son parte del surgimiento de una disciplina más amplia de “convergencia regulatoria”, conforme a la cual ordenamientos jurídicos que parten de distintos puntos, tienden a confluir hacia similares soluciones regulatorias, ya sea desde un punto de vista sustantivo o procedimental.

Palabras clave


Alianza del Pacífico, mejora regulatoria, convergencia regulatoria

Texto completo:

PDF (Português (Brasil))

Referencias


ALIANZA DEL PACÍFICO. Temas de trabajo. Chile, [2016]. Disponible: https://alianzapacifico.net/temas-de-trabajo/. Acceso: 8 feb. 2016.

ANDENAS, Mads (Ed.); BJORGE, Eirik (Ed.). A Farewell to fragmentation: reassertion and convergence in international law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. (Studies on International Courts and Tribunals).

ANDENAS, Mads. Reassertion and transformation: from fragmentation to convergence in international law. Georgetown Journal of International Law, v. 46, p. 685-734, 2015.

ANDERSON, Greg; SANDS, Christopher. Negotiating North America: the security and prosperity partnership. White Paper, Washington, p. 1-35, Summer 2007. Available in: http://www.channelingreality.com/NAU/HudsonNegotiatingNorthAmericaadvanceproof2.pdf. Access: 23 June 2015.

ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION (APEC); ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD). APEC-OECD integrated checklist on regulatory reform: a policy instrument for regulatory quality, competition policy and market openness, [2005] Available in: http:// www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/41992858.pdf. Access: 22 June 2015.

ASOCIACIÓN MERCOSUR DE NORMALIZACIÓN; MERCOSUR. MERCOSUR/CMC/DEC. n 12/99. Montevideo, 1999. Disponible: http://www. mercosur.int/msweb/Normas/normas_web/Decisiones/ES/Dec_012_099_Conv-Coop_MCS_AsocMCS_Normalizaci%C3%B3n_Acta%202_99.PDF. Acceso: 14 marzo 2016.

ASSOCIAÇÃO MERCOSUL DE NORMALIZAÇÃO (AMN). [O que é normalização e quais são seus objetivos?], [1991]. Disponível em: http://www.amn. org.br/Paginas/Paginas/2?url=Normalization. Acesso em: 14 mar. 2016.

ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN). ASEAN Secretariat. Standards and Conformance. Jakarta, [2015]. Available in: http://www.asean.org/asean-economic-community/sectoral-bodies-under-the-purview-of-aem/standards-and-conformance/. Access: 23 June 2015.

BEDUSCHI, Niccolo. The new ASEAN community: the European way to integration? Observer Research Foundation (ORF) Occasional Paper, v. 87, p. 1-18, Feb. 2016.

BOELE-WOELKI, Katharina (Ed.) et al. Convergence and divergence in private international law: Liber Amicorum Kurt Siehr. Hague: Eleven International Publishing, 2010.

BOLLYKY, Thomas. Regulatory coherence in the TPP talks. In: LIM, C. L. (Ed.); KAY, Deborah K. Elms (Ed.); LOW, Patrick (Ed.). The trans-pacific partnership: a quest for a twenty-first century trade agreement. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. p. 171–186.

CANUEL, Edward T. Comparing exculpatory clauses under Anglo-American law: testing total legal convergence. In: CORDERO-MOSS, Giuditta (Ed.). Boilerplate clauses, international commercial contracts and the applicable law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. p. 80–103.

CHIRICO, Filomena; LAROUCHE, Pierre. Convergence and divergence, in Law and Economics and Comparative Law. In: LAROUCHE, Pierre (Ed.); CSERNE; Péter (Ed.). National legal systems and globalization: new role, continuing relevance. Hague: T. M. C. Asser Press; Springer, 2013. p. 9–33. Available in: http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/978-90-6704-885-9_2. Access: 28 Sept. 2015.

CORDERO-MOSS, Giuditta (Ed.). Boilerplate clauses, international commercial contracts and the applicable law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

COSTA, Moises; JACOBY, Wade. Informal drivers of regional regulatory integration: the auto sector in Central Europe and Latin America. In: BRUSZT, Laszlo (Ed.); MCDERMOTT, Gerald A. (Ed.). Leveling the playing field: transnational regulatory integration and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. p. 183-204.

CRETTEZ, Bertrand, DEFFAINS, Bruno; MUSY, Olivier. Legal convergence and endogenous preferences. International Review of Law and Economics, v. 39, p. 20–27, Aug. 2014.

DECLARACIÓN de Cartagena de Indias. 5 agosto 2006. Disponible: http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/ handle/10915/40017. Acceso: 15 marzo 2016.

DREZNER, Daniel W. All politics is global: explaining international regulatory regimes. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.

FALCÓN, Roberto. Armonización de normas en el Mercosur. Revista de Negócios Internacionais, Piracicaba, v. 3, n. 5, p. 42–47, nov. 2005.

HART, Michael. Trading up: the prospect of greater regulatory convergence in North America. Mexico, D.F.: International Trade and Industry Unit, 2007. (Estudios y Perspectivas, 79).

HOEKMAN, Bernard. Fostering Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation and Gradual Multilateralization. Journal of International Economic Law, v. 18, n. 3, p. 609– 624, Sept. 2015.

JACOBS, Scott H. An overview of regulatory impact analysis in OECD countries. In: ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD). Regulatory Impact Analysis: Best Practices in OECD Countries. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1997. p. 13–30.

JACOBS, Scott H. Regulatory co-operation for an interdependent world: issues for government. In: ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD). Regulatory co-operation for an interdependent world. Paris: OECD Publishing, 1994. Available at: http://www.oecd-ilibrary. org/content/book/9789264062436-en. Access: 22 June 2015. (Public Management Studies).

KELSEY, Jane. Preliminary analysis of the draft TPP chapter on domestic coherence, 2011. Available in: http://www.citizenstrade.org/ctc/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/TransPacific_RegCoherenceMemo.pdf. Acesso Access: 24 June 2015.

KOSKENNIEMI, Martti. Fragmentation of international law: difficulties arising from the diversification and expansion of international law: report of the study group of the International Law Commission. Geneva: International Law Commission, 2006. Available in: http://repositoriocdpd.net:8080/handle/123456789/676. Access: 25 Sept. 2015.

LESSER, Caroline. Do bilateral and regional approaches for reducing technical barriers to trade converge towards the multilateral trading system? OECD Trade Policy Working Paper, Paris, n. 58, p. 2-74, Oct. 2007. Available in: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/workingpaper/051058723767. Access: 23 June 2015.

LIERMAN, Steven. Law as a complex adaptive system: the importance of convergence in a multi-layered legal order. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, Maastricht, v. 21, n. 4, p. 611–629, 2014.

MALMSTRÖM, Cecilia. Trade in the 21st century: the challenge of regulatory convergence. Brussels, Mar. 2015. [Speech at the European Commission]. Available in: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2015/march/tradoc_153260.pdf. Access: 22 June 2015.

MATTEI, Ugo A.; ANTONIOLLI, Luisa; ROSSATO, Andrea. Comparative law and economics. In: BOUCKAERT, Boudewijn (Ed.); GEEST, Gerrit de (Ed.). Encyclopedia of law and economics. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2000. p. 505–538. Available in: http://encyclo.findlaw.com/0560book.pdf. Access: 28 Sept. 2015.

MATTOO, Aaditya; SAUVÉ, Pierre. Services. In: CHAUFFOUR, Jean-Pierre (Ed.); MAUR, Jean-Christophe (Ed.). Preferential trade agreement policies for development: a handbook. Washington: World Bank Publications, 2011. p. 235–274.

MEDALLA, Erlinda M. A small country perspective from ASEAN. ERIA Research Project Report, Jakarta, v. 31, p. 90-95, Nov. 2013. Available in: http://www.eria.org/RPR-FY2012-31.pdf. Access: 14 Mar. 2016.

MERRYMAN, John Henry. On the convergence (and divergence) of the civil law and the common law. Stanford Journal of International Law, v. 17, p. 357–388, 1981.

MINISTERIO DE COMERCIO, INDUSTRIA Y TURISMO DE COLOMBIA. 100 preguntas de la Alianza del Pacífico. Bogotá, [2016]. Disponible: http://www.mincit.gov.co/tlc/publicaciones.php?id=7180. Acceso: 8 feb. 2016.

MUMFORD, Peter. Regulatory coherence: blending trade and regulatory policy. Policy Quarterly, v. 10, n. 4, p. 3–9, Nov. 2014.

NASSER, Salem Hikmat. Direito global em pedaços: fragmentação, regimes e pluralismo. Revista de Direito Internacional, Brasília, v. 12, n. 2, p. 98-126, jul./dez. 2016. Disponível em: http://www.publicacoesacademicas.uniceub.br/index.php/rdi/article/view/3707. Acesso em: 26 abr. 2016.

ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD). Introductory handbook for undertaking regulatory impact analysis (RIA). Paris, Oct. 2008. Available in: http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/44789472.pdf. Access: 24 June 2015.

ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD). Regulatory impact analysis: a tool for policy coherence. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2009. (OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform). Available in: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/regulatory-impact-analysis_9789264067110en. Access: 22 June 2015.

PETTMAN, Simon. Standards harmonisation in ASEAN: progress, challenges and moving beyond 2015. ERIA Discussion Paper Series, Singapore, n. 30, p. 1-34, Nov. 2013. Available at: http://www.eria.org/ERIADP-2013-30.pdf. Access: 23 June 2015.

PLATSAS, Antonios E. The idea of legal convergence and international economic law. International Journal of Private Law, v. 2, n. 4, p. 385–399, 2009.

POLANCO, Rodrigo. The Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement and regulatory coherence. In: VOON, Tania (Ed.). Trade liberalisation and international co-operation: a legal analysis of the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013. p. 231–261.

POSNER, Theodore; WOLFF, David. Making Regulatory coherence coherent. International Trade Law 360, New York, Apr. 2011. Available in: http://www.crowell.com/Practices/International-Trade/articles/Making-Regulatory-Coherence-Coherent-InternationalTrade-Law360. Access: 22 June 2015.

PRIMER protocol modificatorio del protocol adicional al acuerdo marco de la Alianza Del Pacifico. Cartagena, 10 feb. 2014. Disponible: https://alianzapacifico.net/?wpdmdl=4580. Acceso: 17 feb. 2016.

RAUSTIALA, Kal. The architecture of international cooperation: transgovernmental networks and the future of international law. Virginia Journal of International Law, Virginia, v. 43, n. 1, p. 1–92, Fall 2002.

SHANY, Yuval (Ed.); BROUDE, Tomer (Ed.). Multisourced equivalent norms in international law. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011. (Studies in International Law).

STEGER, Debra P. Institutions for regulatory cooperation in ‘new generation’ economic and trade agreements. Legal Issues of Economic Integration, New York, v. 38, n. 4, p. 109–126, Nov./Dec. 2012.

STEGER, Debra. CETA: a new model for regulatory cooperation, transparency and coherence? Ottawa, 6 May 2014. Available in: http://slideplayer.com/slide/2411068/. Access: 23 June 2015.

STOLER, Andrew L.; PEDERSEN, Peter; HERREROS, Sebastián. Negotiating trade agreements for the 21st century. Comercio Internacional, Santiago, n. 116, p. 3-39, Oct. 2012. Available in: http://www.cepal.org/en/publications/4346-negotiating-trade-agreements21st-century. Access: 24 June 2015.

THANH, Vo Tri. Reflections on the Role of WTO in a New Context. ERIA Research Project Report, Jakarta, v. 31, p. 96-107, Nov. 2013. Available in: http://www.eria.org/RPR-FY2012-31.pdf. Access: 14 Mar. 2016.

TPP FULL text. New Zeland, 2015. Available in: https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text. Access: 23 Dec. 2015.

TRANS-PACIFIC partnership (TPP) Trade Ministers’ Report to Leaders. Washington, 2011. Available in: https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2011/november/trans-pacific-partnership-tpp-trade-ministers%E2%80%99-re. Access: 24 June 2015.

TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP (TPP). Regulatory Coherence. New Zeland, Mar. 2010. Available in: http://www.citizenstrade.org/ctc/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/TransPacificRegulatoryCoherence.pdf. Access: 24 June 2015.

U.S.-CANADA regulatory cooperation council. Washington, 2011. Available in: http://www.trade.gov/ rcc/. Access: 23 June 2015.

U.S.-MEXICO high level regulatory cooperation council. Washington, 2010. Availabe in: http://trade. gov/hlrcc/. Access: 23 June 2015.

VARELLA, Marcelo D. Internacionalização do direito: superação do paradigma estatal e a insuficiência de estruturas de diálogos. Revista de Direito Internacional, Brasília, v. 9, n. 4, p. 1-5, jul./dez. 2012. Disponível em: http://www.publicacoes.uniceub.br/index.php/rdi/article/view/2203. Acesso em: 26 abr. 2016.

YOUNG, Alasdair R. Liberalizing trade, not exporting rules: the limits to regulatory co-ordination in the EU’s “new generation” preferential trade agreements. Journal of European Public Policy, London, v. 22, n. 9, p. 12531275, 2015.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v13i1.3946

ISSN 2236-997X (impresso) - ISSN 2237-1036 (on-line)

Desenvolvido por:

Logomarca da Lepidus Tecnologia